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Briggs–Rauscher reaction
The Briggs–Rauscher oscillating reaction is one of a small number of known oscillating chemical reactions. It is especially well suited for demonstration purposes because of its visually striking colour changes: the freshly prepared colourless solution slowly turns an amber colour, suddenly changing to a very dark blue. This slowly fades to colourless and the process repeats, about ten times in the most popular formulation, before ending as a dark blue liquid smelling strongly of iodine.
==History==
The first known homogeneous oscillating chemical reaction, reported by W. C. Bray in 1921, was between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and iodate (IO3−) in acidic solution. Due to experimental difficulty, it attracted little attention and was unsuitable as a demonstration. In 1958 B. P. Belousov in the Soviet Union discovered the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ reaction),〔Belousov, B. P. (1958), "A Periodic Reaction and Its Mechanism", ''Sbornik Referatov po Radiatsionni Meditsine'', Medgiz, Moscow, p. 145. (transl. in Field and Burger, ''Op.Cit.'', below)〕 which ''is'' suitable as a demonstration, but it too met with skepticism (largely because such oscillatory behaviour was unheard of up to that time) until A. M. Zhabotinsky, also in the USSR, learned of it and in 1964 published his research. In May 1972 a pair of articles in the Journal of Chemical Education〔Field, R. J. (1972), "A Reaction Periodic in Time and Space", ''J. Chem. Educ.'', 49, 308.〕〔Degn, Hans (1972), "Oscillating Chemical Reactions in Homogeneous Phase", ''J. Chem. Educ.'', 49, 302–307.〕 brought it to the attention of two science instructors at Galileo High School in San Francisco. They discovered the Briggs–Rauscher oscillating reaction〔Thomas S. Briggs and Warren C. Rauscher (1973), "An Oscillating Iodine Clock", ''J. Chem. Educ.'' 50, 496.〕 by replacing bromate (BrO3−) in the BZ reaction with iodate and adding hydrogen peroxide. They produced the striking visual demonstration by adding starch indicator. Since then, many other investigators have added to the knowledge and uses of this very unusual reaction.
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